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load()

The load() function is used to include definitions (functions, macros, rules, and constants) from another .bzl file.

In Buck2, load() executes a .bzl file and imports the specified symbols into the current file's namespace. This allows you to share code across multiple build files and create reusable build components.

Overview​

The primary use cases for load() include:

  • Sharing constants - Common configuration values used across multiple targets
  • Defining macros - Functions that generate one or more build rules
  • Importing rules - Custom rule definitions for specific build scenarios
  • Utility functions - Helper functions for build logic

The load() function can be used in:

  • BUCK files (build files)
  • PACKAGE files (package configuration)
  • Other .bzl files (creating libraries of build code)

Syntax​

load("//path/to/file:name.bzl", "symbol1", "symbol2", ...)

Or with aliases:

load("//path/to/file:name.bzl", alias1="symbol1", alias2="symbol2")

Arguments​

  • Path (required): The first argument is a string specifying the label of the .bzl file to load. This follows Buck2's target label syntax:

    • Absolute: //package/path:file.bzl
    • Relative to cell: //package:defs.bzl
    • From external cell: @cell//package:defs.bzl

  • Symbols (required): One or more symbols to import from the specified file. These can be:

    • Positional arguments - Import symbols with their original names: "symbol1", "symbol2"
    • Keyword arguments - Import symbols with different names: local_name="remote_name"

Examples​

Loading Constants​

Suppose the file //core:defs.bzl contains:

COMPILER_FLAGS = [
    "-Wall",
    "-Werror",
    "-O2",
]

JARS_TO_EXCLUDE = [
    "//third_party/guava:guava",
    "//third_party/jackson:jackson-core",
]

You can load these constants in a BUCK file:

load("//core:defs.bzl", "COMPILER_FLAGS", "JARS_TO_EXCLUDE")

cxx_binary(
    name = "example",
    srcs = ["main.cpp"],
    compiler_flags = COMPILER_FLAGS,
)

Loading with Aliases​

To avoid name collisions, you can rename symbols during import:

load("//core:defs.bzl", my_flags="COMPILER_FLAGS")

cxx_binary(
    name = "example",
    srcs = ["main.cpp"],
    compiler_flags = my_flags,
)

Loading Macros​

If //build_defs:macros.bzl contains:

def custom_library(name, srcs, **kwargs):
    cxx_library(
        name = name,
        srcs = srcs,
        compiler_flags = ["-std=c++17"],
        **kwargs
    )

You can load and use the macro:

load("//build_defs:macros.bzl", "custom_library")

custom_library(
    name = "mylib",
    srcs = ["lib.cpp"],
    deps = ["//other:dep"],
)

Loading Custom Rules​

load("//rules:custom.bzl", "my_custom_rule")

my_custom_rule(
    name = "custom_target",
    src = "input.txt",
)

Multiple Symbols​

You can load multiple symbols in a single statement:

load(
    "//common:defs.bzl",
    "COMMON_FLAGS",
    "helper_function",
    local_rule="exported_rule",
)

Best Practices​

Naming​

  • Use UPPER_CASE for constants
  • Use snake_case for functions and macros
  • Use descriptive names that indicate purpose

Visibility​

  • .bzl files are automatically visible to any target that can see the package they're in
  • Use package visibility to control access to .bzl files

Performance​

  • Avoid expensive computation in .bzl files during load time
  • .bzl files are evaluated once and cached, so minimize side effects
  • Keep load() statements at the top of files for clarity

Common Patterns​

Conditional Loading​

While you cannot conditionally execute load() statements (they must be at the top level), you can conditionally use the loaded symbols:

load("//config:settings.bzl", "ENABLE_FEATURE")

def maybe_add_feature(name, srcs):
    if ENABLE_FEATURE:
        feature_library(name=name, srcs=srcs)
    else:
        regular_library(name=name, srcs=srcs)

Re-exporting​

You can create a .bzl file that re-exports symbols from other files:

# //defs:all.bzl
load("//defs:cpp.bzl", "cpp_macro")
load("//defs:python.bzl", "py_macro")

# Re-export for convenience
__all__ = ["cpp_macro", "py_macro"]

See Also​